CLAUDE.md

AzerothCore is a C++ MMORPG server emulator for World of Warcraft 3.3.5a (WotLK), built with CMake, backed by MySQL.

Agent rules

Do not configure or build unless explicitly asked. Builds are slow and rarely needed for code changes.
**Never edit SQL files outside data/sql/updates/pending_db_*/ unless explicitly requested. ** data/sql/base/, data/sql/archive/, and data/sql/updates/db_*/ are immutable.

Build

Out-of-source build is required (in-source is blocked).

mkdir -p build && cd build
cmake .. -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=$HOME/azeroth-server -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=RelWithDebInfo \
  -DSCRIPTS=static -DMODULES=static
make -j$(nproc) && make install

C++20 required (CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 20). Useful flags: BUILD_TESTING=ON (Google Test), NOPCH=1 (disable precompiled headers). Full set in conf/dist/config.cmake. compile_commands.json is exported automatically.

Tests (Google Test, in src/test/): configure -DBUILD_TESTING=ON, then ctest or ./src/test/unit_tests from the build dir.

Repository layout

src/common/ — networking (Asio), crypto, config, logging, shared utilities.
src/server/game/ — core gameplay; compiled into worldserver.
src/server/scripts/ — content scripts grouped by region (EasternKingdoms/, Northrend/, …), class (Spells/spell_mage.cpp, …), and domain (Commands/, Pet/, OutdoorPvP/, World/).
src/server/database/ — DB abstraction and schema updater.
src/server/shared/ — code shared by auth and world servers.
src/server/apps/{authserver,worldserver}/ — entry points (ports 3724 and 8085).
src/test/ — Google Test unit tests + mocks.
data/sql/ — base/ (historical schema), updates/db_*/ (merged), updates/pending_db_*/ (in-flight, edit here), custom/ (gitignored).
modules/ — external modules (each a subdir with its own CMakeLists.txt). Disable with -DDISABLED_AC_MODULES="mod1;mod2". See modules/how_to_make_a_module.md.
apps/ — helper scripts; apps/codestyle/ holds the lint scripts.
conf/dist/ — distributed config templates; conf/*.conf is gitignored.
deps/ — vendored third-party dependencies.

Adding SQL updates

cd data/sql/updates/pending_db_world/ (or pending_db_auth / pending_db_characters).
./create_sql.sh generates an empty rev_<timestamp>.sql to write into.
Conventions enforced by apps/codestyle/codestyle-sql.py: every INSERT preceded by a matching DELETE (idempotency); no double semicolons; no multiple blank lines; InnoDB engine.

The three databases:

acore_auth — accounts, realm list, IP/account bans, session keys. Shared across all realms.
acore_characters — per-character state: characters, inventory, in-progress quests, mail, guilds, arena teams, achievements. One per realm.
acore_world — static game content: creature/gameobject/item/quest templates, spawn lists, loot tables, SmartAI scripts, gossip, conditions. Read-mostly; rebuilt from SQL.

Code style

Formatting (charset, indent width, line length, final newline, trailing whitespace) follows .editorconfig.

Run the linters before claiming a change is done:

python apps/codestyle/codestyle-cpp.py     # C++
python apps/codestyle/codestyle-sql.py     # SQL (compares to origin/master)

Hard rules (also enforced by CI with -Werror, plus cppcheck):

4-space indent for C++ (tabs forbidden); 2-space for JSON/YAML/sh/ts/js. UTF-8, LF, max 120 cols, trailing newline.
Allman braces. No braces around single-line statements. if (x) — never if(x) or if ( x ).
auto const& (not const auto&); Type const* (not const Type*).
Use {} format specifiers (fmt-style), not %u/%s.
Use the typed helpers, not raw flag access:
- IsPlayer(), IsCreature(), IsItem(), … instead of GetTypeId() == TYPEID_*.
- GetNpcFlags(), HasNpcFlag(), SetNpcFlag(), RemoveNpcFlag(), ReplaceAllNpcFlags() instead of *Flag(UNIT_NPC_FLAGS, …).
- IsRefundable(), IsBOPTradable(), IsWrapped() instead of HasFlag(ITEM_FIELD_FLAGS, …).
- HasFlag(ItemFlag) / HasFlag2(ItemFlag2) / HasFlagCu(ItemFlagsCustom) instead of bitwise Flags & ITEM_FLAG….
- ObjectGuid::ToString().c_str() instead of ObjectGuid::GetCounter().

Project conventions

Logging: LOG_INFO("category.sub", "msg with {}", arg) (also LOG_WARN/ERROR/DEBUG/TRACE). Categories are hierarchical, dot-separated (server.loading, entities.player, sql.dev). No printf-style, no sLog->, no TC_LOG_*. Macro in src/common/Logging/Log.h.
Random: use helpers in src/common/Utilities/Random.h — urand, irand, frand, rand32, rand_chance, roll_chance_f, roll_chance_i. Not std::rand or <random>.
Strings: Acore::StringFormat(fmt, args...) ({} placeholders) — src/common/Utilities/StringFormat.h.
Config: sConfigMgr->GetOption<T>("Name", default).
Namespace: project-wide Acore:: (no Trinity:: remnants — rename when porting from upstream forks).
Long-lived references: don't store a raw Player* / Creature* / Unit* past the current call/tick — the object can be removed (logout, despawn, instance unload) and the pointer dangles. Store the ObjectGuid and resolve at use time via ObjectAccessor::FindPlayer(guid), Map::GetCreature(guid), etc.
DB queries: use PreparedStatement (via WorldDatabase / CharacterDatabase / LoginDatabase and the prepared-statement enums), not raw query strings. Non-blocking reads go async: _queryProcessor.AddCallback(db.AsyncQuery(stmt).WithPreparedCallback(...)) (or WithCallback). Multi-statement writes wrap in SQLTransaction + Execute / AppendPreparedStatement.
Timed actions in AI: use EventMap (event id → delay; simple) or TaskScheduler (lambdas, repeats, cancellation), both members of CreatureAI — don't roll your own tick counters. See any boss script under src/server/scripts/.

Scripting registration

Scripts inherit from a ScriptObject subclass (SpellScript, AuraScript, CreatureScript, InstanceMapScript, GameObjectScript, CommandScript, …). Two registration styles coexist:

Spell / aura scripts: RegisterSpellScript(ClassName) (or RegisterSpellAndAuraScriptPair(...)) inside AddSC_<name>().
Creature scripts: prefer RegisterCreatureAI(ClassName) for new code; legacy zones still use new ClassName();. Match the surrounding pattern.

Then declare and call AddSC_<name>() from the regional loader (Spells/spells_script_loader.cpp, EasternKingdoms/eastern_kingdoms_script_loader.cpp, …).

SmartAI (data-driven creature behaviour) lives in the world DB's smart_scripts table, not C++ (engine: src/server/game/AI/SmartScripts/). For new creature behaviour prefer SmartAI (via the SQL update workflow); reach for CreatureScript only when SmartAI's event/action vocabulary isn't enough.

Module hooks (e.g. OnPlayerLogin, OnWorldUpdate, OnSpellCast) are declared in src/server/game/Scripting/ScriptDefines/*.h. Implement by inheriting the matching base (PlayerScript, WorldScript, …) and registering with new MyClass(); (or its RegisterXxxScript macro) inside AddSC_<name>(). Full list: https://www.azerothcore.org/wiki/hooks-script.

Custom (non-upstream) scripts go in src/server/scripts/Custom/ (gitignored).

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